Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Accordingly, we conducted a retrospective cohort study on the clinical data, microbiological. Cytotoxic activity of clinical stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, once regarded as an organism of low virulence, has evolved as a significant opportunistic pathogen causing severe human infections in both hospital and community. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. Outcomes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia hospitalacquired. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of. Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia is very rare. Treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations view in chinese. Pdf antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. S maltophilia is an organism of low virulence and frequently colonizes fluids used in the hospital setting eg, irrigation.
Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Update on infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Oct 25, 2018 belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Adherence of this organism to abiotic surfaces such as medical implants and catheters represen.
We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, mortality, and treatment of s. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Gram, nonlactose fermenter, oxidase treatment options drug of choice. Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection. Although an uncommon pathogen in humans, s maltophilia infection in humans, especially nosocomial, has been increasingly recognized. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a lifethreatening nosocomial pathogen with profound multidrugresistant attributes. There is little descriptive data on stenotrophomonas maltophilia hospitalacquired pneumonia hap in critically ill patients. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia has emerged as a causative agent of serious nosocomial infections.
Xanthomonas maltophilia peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Efficacy of combination therapy versus monotherapy in the. We describe the first known case of pneumonia caused by a mucoid stenotrophomonas maltophilia xanthomonas maltophilia strain in a patient with bronchiectasis. Computed tomography features of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one case report describing the computer tomography ct features of s. Jun 22, 2016 the gram negative bacterium stenotrophomonas is rapidly evolving as a nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients. However, comparatively little is known of the epidemiology of this bacterium, and sources and routes of transmission of s. Haemorrhagic pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in two newborns article pdf available in the journal of infection in developing countries 95. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ocular infections jama. The patient was admitted because of mild hemoptysis and productive cough with infiltrative shadow in the right lower lung field on chest x ray. Belvisi v, fabietti p, del borgo c, marocco r, di vincenzo e, soscia f, et al. Successful treatment of multiresistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis with. From these isolates, 25 nonclonal strains from patients in north america, latin america, and europe were analyzed by using. Stenotrophomonas can also colonize extreme manmade niches in hospitals, space shuttles, and clean rooms. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains were cultured in 5 ml of trypticase soya broth with 1% l. Pseudooutbreaks of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on an intensive care unit in england.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia keratitis related to therapeutic. The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole sxt. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia susceptibility to ceftazidime. It is associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Fluoroquinolones versus trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole for the treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, gramnegative nonfermentative bacillus previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and xanthomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pseudooutbreak at a university hospital bronchoscopy unit in turkey. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, biofilmforming bacterium. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia seen in the paediatric oncology patients from year 2000 to 2004 at our hospital, only 1 case developed metastatic skin lesions. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental global emerging. As mentioned earlier, stenotrophomonas maltophilia is very difficult to treat due to its natural resistance to many antibiotics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in salad volume 11, number 7. Infection and colonization by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Association of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection with. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium. It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection symptoms, treatments. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia soft tissue infection with tigecycline. However, welldocumented cases of urinary tract infection with this organism have rarely been reported. The optimal modalities of antimicrobial therapy remain to be determined. Furthermore, stenotrophomonas infections have been associated with high mortality, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia was first isolated in 1943 as bacterium bookeri, renamed in 1961 to pseudomonas maltophilia and later renamed again to xanthomonas maltophilia in 1983, based on ribosomal rna analysis. Voluntary data reported to phe for bacteraemias due to pseudomonas species spp. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from the airways of animals. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments.
Evidencebased information on stenotrophomonas maltophilia from hundreds of trustworthy sources for health and social care. Manual of clinical microbiology, 8th, murray pr ed, asm. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia spondylodiscitis following. Jul 08, 2011 colonies of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on macconkey agar, incubation period 3 days at 3035c dr. Here, analyzing strains from 22 countries, the authors show that the s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. The bacteria are consistently being implicated in necrotizing otitis, cutaneous infections including soft tissue infection and keratitis, endocarditis, meningitis, acute. Pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious disease and.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was found in my pre op urinalysis and was introduced via hephrostomy tube into kidney. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. However, treatment of sm bacteremia is challenging due to the resistance of. In this article we will compare the features in the published case to those found in our patients. Frontiers genomic potential of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Retrospective analysis of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging pathogen earlier noted in broadspectrum life threatening infections among the vulnerable, but more recently as a pathogen in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we present a 48yearold immunocompetent male who, following a lumbar microdiscectomy, developed postoperative spondylodiscitis due to s. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection a case report. The bacterium is an obligate aerobe that is common throughout the environment, particularly in water.
Clinical features, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and. This organism should be considered as a potential cause of. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc 18. Characterization of flagella produced by clinical strains. Frontiers stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which was previously designated as pseudomonas maltophiliaand xanthomonas maltophilia, is an emerging multidrugresistant global opportunistic pathogen 5. Multidrug resistance of the opportunistic pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an increasing problem.
The adhesive surface factors involved in adherence of these bacteria are largely unknown, and their. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an uncommon cause of infectious keratitis, is difficult to treat due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. Further analysis revealed that this organism merits its own genus, and was renamed a final time to. A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. Efficacy of combination therapy versus monotherapy in the treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia megan d shah. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmp sxt is recommended as the agent of choice for the treatment of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, especially in debilitated and immunocompromised persons. Pdf haemorrhagic pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas.
However, the role of antibiotic treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised. The most effective treatment involves the removal of prosthetic devices. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect topics. Common symptoms reported by people with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen in recent years worldwide 1,2. Treatment of invasive infections caused by this organism is difficult as the bacterium is frequently resistant to a wide range of commonly used antimicrobials. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, previously known as pseu.
Adherence of this organism to abiotic surfaces such as medical implants and catheters represents a major risk for hospitalized patients. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract. Fluoroquinolones fqs have in vitro activity against s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment. Upcoming procedure to laser and remove very large kidney stone in. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of fqs and sxt for the treatment of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a commensal and an emerging. To the authors knowledge, this pathogen has not previously been associated with lower airway disease in the horse. Antibiotic treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia in. May 15, 2005 despite the difficulty in treating both s.
A tmpsmx resistance phenotype was demonstrated for 71. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an increasingly prevalent opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients, lifethreatening diseases in. Susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to carbapenems article pdf available in journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 401. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Review of the medical records of patients admitted to a large cancer center with cultures yielding s maltophilia from urinary sources during a 15month period. Management of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in. The phylogenetic landscape and nosocomial spread of the. Global emergence of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance. In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis cf patients. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Risk factors for mortality in patients with stenotrophomonas.
High dose bactrim 1520 mgkgday of trimethoprim component, divided q6h or q8h, iv or po. Although generally regarded as an organism of low virulence, s. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of s. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and prognostic factors associated with s. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and outcomes of s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative opportunistic bacterium that may cause a myriad of clinical diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is problematic because of their increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics. Rather, different strains from sources like water taps, water dis pensers, inhalation therapy equipment, bloodsampling tubes or hands of medical staff may be. To determine if the number of ocular infections associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasing, to identify predisposing factors, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility.
Microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia a lowgrade pathogen. Treatment outcomes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Antibiotics are used only when removal of prosthesis isnt possible. High dose bactrim 1520 mgkgday of trimethoprim component, divided q6h or q8h, iv or po susceptibility testing of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to. This pathogen has intrinsic or acquired resistance to a number of antibiotics classes. The treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole sxt. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen associated with opportunistic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and hiv. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. This species is resistant to edta treatment, whereas p. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is being reported with increasing frequency as a human nosocomial pathogen, especially among immunocompromised patients. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospitalacquired infections in immunocompromised patients and in patients with cystic fibrosis or hospitalized in intensive care units. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia occupied the 12th place among the most frequently isolated microorganisms in hermanos ameijeiras hospital during 2006. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is a multidrugresistant gramnegative bacillus that is an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among hospitalized patients.
142 1170 1454 360 205 114 1119 683 854 611 744 875 487 624 1292 1177 1077 351 630 331 321 80 1351 638 838 280 692 1198 1247 891 978 970 1109 244 1390